Chymosin (Zheng et al., 2025)

Technical Data

Microorganism name	Kluyveromyces lactis
Target proteins	Chymosin (Zheng et al., 2025)
Wild-type or GMO	GMO (Zheng et al., 2025)
Production mode (intracellular/extracellular)	Extracellular (Zheng et al., 2025)
Protein yield (g/L or g/g?)	Not reported in g/L, 28 000 SU/ml (Zheng et al., 2025) **
Temperature used in study	28°C (Zheng et al., 2025)
pH used in study	NA
C & N source	Glucose, yeast extract, peptone (YPD medium) (Zheng et al., 2025)
Regulatory status in Europe	EFSA approved chymosin from the the GM K. lactis strain used by DSM, but it is not allowed for the use in food yet. (Lambré et al., 2022a)
Regulatory status in other parts of the world	FDA GRAS approval in US. Not allowed in Canada
Companies	DSM
Publications/references	Zheng, Y., Wang, S., Deng, Y., Hu, P., Xue, Q., Li, J., Lei, L., Chan, Z., Yang, J., & Peng, W. (2025). Enhanced production of recombinant calf chymosin in Kluyveromyces lactis via CRISPR-Cas9 engineering. Bioresource Technology, 132116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132116 Lambré, C., Baviera, J. M. B., Bolognesi, C., Cocconcelli, P. S., Crebelli, R., Gott, D. M., Grob, K., Lampi, E., Mengelers, M., Mortensen, A., Rivière, G., Steffensen, I., Tlustos, C., Van Loveren, H., Vernis, L., Zorn, H., Aguilera, J., Andryszkiewicz, M., Di Piazza, G., . . . Chesson, A. (2022a). Safety evaluation of the food enzyme chymosin from the genetically modified Kluyveromyces lactis strain CHY. EFSA Journal, 20(8). https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7462 Spohner, S. C., Schaum, V., Quitmann, H., & Czermak, P. (2016). Kluyveromyces lactis: An emerging tool in biotechnology. Journal of Biotechnology, 222, 104–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.02.023 Barba, D., Beolchini, F., Del Re, G., Di Giacomo, G., & Veglió, F. (2001). Kinetic analysis of Kluyveromyces lactis fermentation on whey: batch and fed-batch operations. Process Biochemistry, 36(6), 531–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0032-9592(00)00242-9 Gomes, A. M. V., Carmo, T. S., Carvalho, L. S., Bahia, F. M., & Parachin, N. S. (2018). Comparison of Yeasts as Hosts for Recombinant Protein Production. Microorganisms, 6(2), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms6020038 Van Ooyen, A. J., Dekker, P., Huang, M., Olsthoorn, M. M., Jacobs, D. I., Colussi, P. A., & Taron, C. H. (2006). Heterologous protein production in the yeastKluyveromyces lactis. FEMS Yeast Research, 6(3), 381–392. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2006.00049.x Fonseca, G. G., Heinzle, E., Wittmann, C., & Gombert, A. K. (2008). The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus and its biotechnological potential. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 79(3), 339–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-008-1458-6